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QUICKSAND - UNKNOWN LOCATION, KENTUCKY |
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Stuck in quicksand at the Paria River, Colorado - Pierce Martin Photograph |
"Quicksand is a shear thinning non-Newtonian fluid: when undisturbed, it often appears to be solid ("gel" form), but a less than 1% change in the stress on the quicksand will cause a sudden decrease in its viscosity ("sol" form). After an initial disturbance—such as a person attempting to walk on it—the water and sand in the quicksand separate and dense regions of sand sediment form; it is because of the formation of these high volume fraction regions that the viscosity of the quicksand seems to decrease suddenly. Someone stepping on it will start to sink. To move within the quicksand, a person or object must apply sufficient pressure on the compacted sand to re-introduce enough water to liquefy it. The forces required to do this are quite large: to remove a foot from quicksand at a speed of 0.01 m/s would require the same amount of force as needed to lift a car." Wikipedia |
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GRAIN DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS (AGI CHART) |
International Space Station 400mm Photograph Image credit: Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center | GRAIN SHAPE CHARACTERISTICS(PREPARED BY GAMMA ZETA CHAPTER , SIGMA GAMMA EPSILON, KENT STATE UNIVERSITY - AGI CHART))Roundness is the degree of smoothing due to abrasion of sedimentary particles. It is expressed as the ratio of the average radius of curvature of the edges or corners to the radius of curvature of the maximum inscribed sphere.The sphericity of a particle is: the ratio of the surface area of a sphere (with the same volume as the given particle) to the surface area of the particle. |
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